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Stripping is the opposite of extraction: Transfer of mass from organic to aqueous phase. One obtains high-purity single metal streams on 'stripping' out the metal value from the 'loaded' organic wherein one can precipitate or deposit the metal value. įrom a hydrometallurgical perspective, solvent extraction is exclusively used in separation and purification of uranium and plutonium, zirconium and hafnium, separation of cobalt and nickel, separation and purification of rare earth elements etc., its greatest advantage being its ability to selectively separate out even very similar metals. In that case, a soluble compound is separated from an insoluble compound or a complex matrix. The term solvent extraction can also refer to the separation of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving that substance in a suitable solvent. The term partitioning is commonly used to refer to the underlying chemical and physical processes involved in liquid–liquid extraction, but on another reading may be fully synonymous with it. This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up, often including an acidic work-up. LLE is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment called as mixer settlers. The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called the raffinate. The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract.
#Finding max solvent to feed ration from ternary diagram free#
once the transfer is complete, the overall system of chemical components that make up the solutes and the solvents are in a more stable configuration (lower free energy).
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The transfer is driven by chemical potential, i.e. There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic. Liquid–liquid extraction ( LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).